Bài giảng Tiếng Anh Lớp 10 - Unit 2: School talks - Part E: Language focus

Unit 2: SCHOOL TALKS Part E: LANGUANGE FOCUS  Grammar:  Gerund and To -infinitive 
Listen and complete the sentences. 
1. I want free. 
2. I can’t help ..in love with you. 
3. I’d like myself believe. 
4. I don’t mind spending every day. 
I don’t mind spending everyday. 
Gerund 
I want to break free. 
To-infinitive 	 
Unit 2: SCHOOL TALKS Part E: LANGUANGE FOCUS  Grammar:  Gerund and To -infinitive 
1. Forms 
 Positive : 
	Ex: I enjoy learning English. 
 Negative : 
	Ex: Not speaking English well is my problem. 
I. Gerund 
Verb + ing (V-ing) 
Not verb + ing (not V-ing) 
2. Uses 
	Ex: Dancing is fun. 
	Ex : He enjoys working with children. 
- Gerunds used as subjects. 
- Gerunds used as objects. 
3. Verbs that take gerunds. 
appreciate 
avoid 
delay 
deny 
discuss 
dislike 
enjoy 
excuse 
keep 
mention 
mind 
miss 
postpone 
practice 
quit 
recall 
recommend 
resent 
suggest 
understand 
Ex: I practice speaking English every day. 
4. Gerunds used as objects of a preposition 
Common preposition combinations followed by a gerund 
Be excited about 
Complain about 
Talk about 
Think about 
Worry about 
Apologize for 
Blame for 
Famous for 
Believe in 
Interested in 
Succeed in 
Take care of 
Instead of 
Accuse of 
Insist on 
Count on 
Concentrate on 
Keep from 
Look forward to 
Be used to 
Ex: She is excited about going to the beach. 
5. Some expressions are used with gerund . 
have fun/difficulty/trouble 
It’s no use/good 
It’s not worth 
be busy 
can’t stand 
can't help 
Ex: It’s no use playing computer games. 
 Positive : 
	 	Ex: I want to dance . 
 Negative : 
	 	Ex: He decided not to go to the party. 
1. Forms 
II. To -infinitives 
To + Verb (To Vo) 
Not + to + verb (Not to Vo) 
- 
	Ex: To work in a city is my dream. 
- 
	Ex: I hope to win the game. 
2. Uses 
To-infinitives used as subjects 
To-infinitives used objects 
3. Verbs that take to-infinitives 
Verb + To Vo 
agree	 
seem 
appear 
tend 
decide 
intend 
can afford 
wait 
offer 
learn 
plan 
hope 
Ex: Tom decided to study economics. 
4. Verbs that take object and to- infinitives 
Verb + O + To Vo 
ask 
advise 
order 
beg 
invite 
force 
persuade 
remind 
tell 
cause 
convince 
encourage 
Ex: The doctor advised me to do physical exercises. 
4. Adjectives followed by to-infinitives 
afraid	 
amazed 
anxious 
ashamed 
careful 
delighted 
eager 
fortunate 
glad 
happy 
lucky 
pleased 
ready 
sorry 
Ex: I am sorry to hear that. 
1. Some verbs can be followed by both gerunds and to-infinitives with no change in meaning 
Begin, hate, like, 
start, love, prefer, continue 
Ex: 	I like cooking . 
	I like to cook. 
III. Notes 
2. Some verbs followed by either gerunds or to-infinitives with different meaning 
Gerund 
To-infinitive 
Forget/ 
remember 
Ex: - I’ll never forget seeing that day. 
 - Do you remember learning to ride? 
Ex: - Don’t forget to call me. 
- Remember to do your homework. 
Regret 
Ex: I regret not studying hard at school. 
Ex: I regret to tell you that you have been laid off. 
Stop 
Ex: I stop ped watching TV. 
Ex: He stopped to take a rest. 
Try 
Ex: He is trying putting on the shoes. 
Ex: I try to study to pass the exam. 
For an event or situation in the past 
For something you should do 
Feel sorry about something you did/didn’t do 
Say sorry 
Finish an action 
Finish an action in order to do something else 
Do something as an experiment 
Attempt to do something difficult 
Dear Lisa, 
I have been expecting (1) ..(hear) from you. I hope I you are OK. I'm busy, but happy. Last night I went to a party at one of my classmates‘ home. I was really nervous. You know I usually avoid (2) .. (go) to parties because I have trouble (3) ..(remember) people's name. Well, last night things were different. Before the party I read a book about improving memory. I practiced (4) ..(do) some of the memory exercises. They really helped. As a result I stopped (5) ..(worry) about what people think about me and I tried (6) ..(pay) attention to what people were saying. And guess what ? I had a good time! I'm even planning (7) .. (go) dancing with a guy from my class. Why don't you consider (8) ..(visit) me? I really miss (9) .. (see) you. Please write. I always enjoy (10) .. (hear) from you. 
Best wishes, 
Sonia 
Task 1: Fill each blank with an-ing or to + infinitive form of the verbs in brackets. 
to hear 
going 
remembering 
doing 
worrying 
to pay 
to go 
visiting 
seeing 
hearing 
1.It was a nice day. so we decided (to go/going) for a walk. 
2.I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind (to wait/waiting). 
3.They were hungry, so she suggested (to have/having) dinner early 
4.I’m still looking for a job but I hope (to find/finding) something soon. 
5.We must do something. We can’t go on (to live/living) like this. 
6.Could you please stop (to make/making) so much noise? 
7.Our neighbor threatened (to call/calling) the police if we don’t stop the noise. 
8.Lan was in a difficult situation, so I agreed (to lend/lending) her some money. 
9.Suddenly, everybody stopped (to talk/talking). 
10.Don’t forget (to post/posting) the letter I gave you. 
Task 2: Complete the following sentences using an –ing or to-infinitive. 
Task 3: Choose the correct answers. 
1. I enjoy_______ alone. 
 	 a. be 	 	b . being 	 	c . to be 	d. to have been 
2. Would you like_______ to the party? 
 	 a. to come 	 b . come 	 	c . coming 	 d . to have come 
3. We tried_______ the fire out but we were unsuccessful. We had to call the fire-brigade. 
 	 a . putting 	 b . put 	 	c . to put 	 d . to have 
4. I finally finished_______ at 7:00 pm and served dinner. 
 	a . cooking b . being cooked 	 	c . to cook 	 d . to be cooked 
5. The mouse family avoided_______ by coming out only when the house was empty and the two cats were outside. 
	 	a . catching 	 b . being caught	 	c . to have been caught	d. to be caught 
6. You are old enough_______ out alone. 
	 a . going 	 b . go	 	c . to go	 	d . to have gone 
7. I forbid you _______ my letter. 
	 a . to read b . read 	 	c . to have read 	d. reading 
8. The Rogers are happy about_______ a baby. 
	 a . have	 b . having 	 	c . to have 	d. to be having 
9. The teacher doesn't allow_______ dictionaries in the final examination. 
	a. being used 	b. use 	c. using 	d. to use 
10. Paula has given up _______ to lose weight. 
 a . try b . trying 	 	c . to try 	 d . to have tried 
Task 4: Make questions and ask and answer with your partner. 
What / you/ like / do / free time? 
What subjects/ you / enjoy / study? Why? 
What activities / you / hate / do / at school? 
How often / you / practice / speak English? 
What / your parents / advise / you /do / every day? 
What / you / want / do / in the future? 
Example: 
A: What do you like doing in your free time? 
B: I like listening to music and surfing the Net in my free time. 
Homework 
Learn by heart the verbs, adjectives and expressions followed by a gerund or to-infinitive. 
Do the exercises in the handout.